荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonnerat,無患子科)是亞太地區重要的常綠果樹作物,為當地民眾提供了大量的就業機會,影響東南亞數百萬人的健康與經濟甚鉅(Jiang et al., 2004)。荔枝主要的生產中心在緯度23度和27度之間,約是中國南部及越南北部間,中國、台灣、泰國、印度、南非、馬達加斯加,毛里西斯和澳洲現在是主要的荔枝生產國 (Mitra and Pathak, 2010; Debnath and Karmakar, 2016; Papademetriou and Dent, 2002)。世界荔枝總種植面積在2014年總年產量約在260-280萬公噸,其中95%集中在北半球,其他來自南半球 (Jahiel et al., 2014; Peperkamp, 2016)。![endif]--
中國大陸是世界主要生產荔枝的國家,2014年生產量約為148.2萬公噸,佔世界總產量的57%,產季在5月到8月,出口量約為1.2萬公噸,約佔該國生產量1%。世界荔枝生產量排名第三的國家為越南,2014年生產量約為15.6萬公噸,佔世界總產量的6%,產季為6月至7月,出口量約6.24萬公噸,佔該國生產量的40%(VNCRD, 2015),越南由於出口價格低廉,競爭市場與中國重疊,因此被中國視為主要競爭國家之一。
Reference
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